U.S.
EPA Bacteria in Drinking Water
Microbes
Coliform bacteria
are common in the
environment and are generally not harmful. However,
the presence of these bacteria in drinking water is
usually a result of a problem with the treatment
system or the pipes which distribute water, and
indicates that the water may be contaminated with
germs that can cause disease.
Fecal Coliform and
E coli are bacteria whose presence indicates
that the water may be contaminated with human or
animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause
short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps,
nausea, headaches, or other symptoms.
Turbidity has no
health effects. However, turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial
growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of
disease causing organisms. These organisms include
bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause
symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and
associated headaches.
Cryptosporidium is a
parasite that enters lakes and rivers through sewage
and animal waste. It causes cryptosporidiosis, a
mild gastrointestinal disease. However, the disease
can be severe or fatal for people with severely
weakened immune systems. EPA and CDC have prepared
advice for those with severely compromised immune
systems who are concerned about
Cryptosporidium.
Giardia lamblia is a
parasite that enters lakes and rivers through sewage
and animal waste. It causes gastrointestinal illness
(e.g. diarrhea, vomiting, cramps).
Reference: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
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